Л.В.Зеленцова, учитель
английского языка высшей категории МОУ СОШ
№2
г.Кропоткин Кавказского района
SUBCULTURES
СУБКУЛЬТУРЫ
Современная молодежь по-разному воспринимает окружающий мир.
Объединяясь, молодые люди образуют субкультуры.
Изучение молодежных субкультур издавна составляет важное направление социологии
молодежи.
Цель работы : выявление причин, влияющих на принадлежность подростков к
какой-нибудь субкультуре
Задачи:
1. Отобрать и изучить литературу по теме «История субкультур».
2. Провести социологический опрос по анкете.
3. Описать результаты социологического исследования.
Объект анализа - учащиеся 9, 10 классов школы № 2 города Кропоткин
Метод исследования - социологический опрос и анализ анкет.
Исследование проводилось на основе анкеты, которая включала вопросы :
1. Как Вы относитесь к современным
молодежным субкультурам?
2. Принадлежите ли Вы к какой-нибудь молодежной субкультуре?
3. Как Вы думаете, какие причины способствуют подростку принадлежать к
какой-нибудь субкультуре?
A modern youth appreciates our
world in different ways.
When they united, young people create
communities that can be called subcultures. The study of youth
. subcultures is an
important and old branch of sociology
The objectives of the study:
revealing the causes of belonging of teenagers to any kind of subcultures.
Tasks:
1. To select and review literature
concerning the theme "The history of Subcultures”.
2. To provide public inquiry.
3. To describe the results of
the public opinion survey.
The analysis object are students of 9th and
10th forms at Kropotkin’s School 2.
Study method - a public opinion
poll and analysis of questionnaires.
The Study was prepared on the
base of the questionnaire comprising the following questions:
1. How do you consider modern youth
subcultures?
2. Do you belong to any youth
subculture?
3. How do you think what causes
that result in involvement of teenagers into any subculture are?
The history of
subcultures
Subcultures can be distinctive because of the age,
race, ethnicity, class, location, or gender of the members. The qualities that
determine a subculture as distinct may be linguistic, aesthetic, religious, political,
sexual, geographical, or a combination of factors.
Members of a subculture often signal their
membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style,
which includes fashions, mannerisms. They also live out particular relations
to places.
The study of subcultures often consists of the
study of symbolism attached to clothing, music
and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in
which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture.
It may be difficult to identify certain
subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be
adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to
capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of cool, which remains valuable in the
selling of any product.
This process of cultural appropriation may often result in
the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that
appear alien to mainstream society. This process provides a constant stream of
styles which may be commercially adopted.
Music-based subcultures are particularly
vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one
stage in its history—such as jazz, goth, punk, hip hop and rave cultures—may represent mainstream taste
within a short period of time.
Some subcultures reject or modify the importance
of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology
which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation.
The punk subculture's distinctive (and initially
shocking) style of clothing was adopted by mass-market fashion companies once
the subculture became a media interest.
Street fashion is a term used to describe fashion
that is considered to have emerged not from studios, but from the grassroots.
Street fashion is generally associated with youth culture, and is most often seen in major urban
centres.
Most major youth subcultures have had
an associated street fashion. Examples include:
Hippies
(denim, T-shirts, long hair, flower power and
psychedelic imagery, flared trousers)
Teddy Boys
(drape jackets, drainpipe trousers, crepe shoes)
Punk fashion
(ripped
clothing, safety pins, bondage, provocative T-shirt slogans)
Skinheads (short-cropped hair, fitted
jeans, Ben Sherman button-up shirts, Fred Perry polo shirts, Harrington jackets, Dr. Martens boots)
Gothic fashion
(black clothing, heavy coats, big boots, makeup).
Hip hop fashion
As American rock and roll arrived in
Great Britain
a subculture grew around it. These youths were called Teddy boys. They wore drape suit with a country style tie,
winklepicker shoes, drainpipe trousers, and Elvis Presley style slicked hair.
British youth divided into factions.
There were the modern jazz kids, the trad jazz kids, the rock and roll
teenagers and the skiffle craze. Coffee bars were a meeting place for all the
types of youth and the coolest ones were in Soho, London, England.
In the 1960s subcultures in Great Britain
included Mods,
Rockers, Bikers, hippies
In the 60s there was the Vietnam
war to protest about, rebel against and avoid getting drafted into. The
hippies' big year was 1967, the so called summer of love.
University students around the world
had always been a minor subculture but, by the mid-60s, had become a major one.
Also during the 60s was the
beginning of Hacker culture from the increased usage of computers
at colleges. Students who were fascinated by the possibilities of computers,
the telephone and technology in general began figuring out ways to make the
technology more freely available or accessible.
In the 1970s the hippie, mod and
rocker cultures were in a process of transformation which temporarily took on
the name of freaks
(openly embracing the image of strangeness and otherlyness).
there emerged a new subculture
called skinheads. The
"skins" or skinheads were anti-aesthetic, pro-basic, fiercely working
class tough youths. They had the image of homophobia
and racism
and this image was often true although, paradoxically, they loved black
Jamaican reggae,
ska,
and bluebeat.
Skinheads mainly began from 1969, as
a development from the hard, headcase type of mods but, by the mid-70s, some
crossover was happening between skins and the freak scene. This developed into
the punk
rock culture which became apparent from about 1975 onward. Punks managed to be
both hardcases and tongue-in-cheek at the same time. The concept of Anarchism
became fashionable.
Disco
became a really significant centre of subculture from about 1975 onward.
in Great Britain urban environments a form of street culture using freeform and
semi-stacatto poetry combined with athletic break dancing
was developing as the Hip hop and Rap subculture. In jazz jargon the word rap had always meant speech
and conversation.
Rappers could attempt to outdo each
other with their skillful rhymes. Rapping is also known as MCing, which is
one of the four main elements of Hip hop: MCing, DJing,
graffiti
art, and breakdancing.
At the beginning of the 1980s one
thing which actually became a real subculture was Goth.
Gothic culture developed naturally enough, without too much media forcing. The
goths are a culture of gloomy romanticism
. They have continued from the mid-80s to the 21st century
with their roots reaching backward to the gothic-romantic movement of the late 18th
and early 19th
centuries.
The 1990s saw mostly a continuation
of existing subcultures from the 80s. The music and clothes changed more than
the sense of identity associated with the cultures. Dance
music continued. Raves continued. Pop continued. Hip hop continued. Rock
continued. Goth continued. Punks and Hippies were back. Sixties styles like Mod
bands and psychedelia were revived and recycled.
The main new development of the 90s
was on the internet
As the 1980s ended and the 90s began Tim Berners Lee created HTML which made
possible the World Wide
Web. The web allowed internet subcultures to grow from tiny numbers
of geeks, to big global online communities. These communities are as diverse in
their preoccupations as any other subcultures. There are online gaming
communities, online forums, online projects of all kinds, serious or frivolous.
Результаты социологического опроса:
По результатам
социологического исследования:
- 85 % учащихся не причисляют себя ни
к одной из молодежных субкультур;
- 10%
учащихся являются фанатами глобальной сети Интернет;
- 5 %
причисляют себя к Хип хоп и Рэп культуре.
Analysis of questionnaires:
According to the questionnaire
-
85 % of students don`t belong to any youth modern
group;
-
10 % of students belong to internet subcultures (to big global online
communities);
-
5
% of students belong to the Hip hop
and Rap
subculture.
Bibliography
1)
Hedge T.Writing.-
Oxford University Press,1999.
2)
Tomalin
B., Stempleski S. Cultural awareness.- Oxford University Press, 1998.
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